Four-ring resistor calculator

Ring 1
Black
Brown
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Purple
Gray
White
Ring 2
Black
Brown
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Purple
Gray
White
Ring 3 multiplier
Black
Brown
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Purple
Gray
White
Ring 4 Error rate
Gold %5
Silver %10

Resistance: Ohm

Error±: Ohm

Gold
Silver

Example: 4-ring resistors are: red, yellow, red, gold, read as 2700Ω=2.7K, error is ±5%

Example: 4-ring resistors are: orange, white, red, silver, read as 3900Ω=3.9K, error is ±10%

Example: 4-ring resistors are: orange, orange, gold, silver, where orange is 33 multiplied by 10-1=3.9Ω, error is ±10%

Example: 4-ring resistors are: yellow, purple, silver, silver, where yellow is 47 multiplied by 10-2=0.47Ω, error is ±10%

From the above, we know that we must be careful when reading the third color ring as gold or silver, because it is a negative number of multiplication, and the resistance value is generally 0.1-9.9Ω.