Nasal cannula oxygen inhalation oxygen concentration

A nasal cannula is a medical device used to deliver supplemental oxygen or increased airflow to a person who needs help breathing. It consists of a small, flexible tube that splits into two prongs, which are inserted into the nostrils, allowing oxygen to be delivered directly to the nose.

What is it?

A nasal cannula is a simple device used for oxygen inhalation, providing extra oxygen to individuals with respiratory issues or low oxygen levels in their blood. The tube is connected to an oxygen source, such as an oxygen tank or concentrator. It typically delivers oxygen at a low to moderate flow rate, depending on the patient’s needs.

Why is it used?

A nasal cannula is used to increase oxygen concentration for individuals whose oxygen levels are lower than normal due to various conditions, including:

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Pneumonia
• Asthma
• Heart failure
• Acute respiratory distress
• Post-surgery recovery
• Other conditions that cause breathing difficulties

It is often used because it is non-invasive, easy to use, and allows the person to move around without much discomfort, unlike other methods like face masks or mechanical ventilators.

How does it work?

• Oxygen flow: Oxygen is delivered through the nasal cannula by connecting it to an oxygen tank or concentrator. The oxygen flow is typically regulated by a healthcare provider based on the patient's needs.
• Inhalation: The patient inhales the oxygen directly through their nostrils. The cannula delivers oxygen continuously, but the flow rate can be adjusted. Typical flow rates are between 1 to 6 liters per minute, but this can vary depending on the situation.
• Oxygen concentration: Nasal cannulas deliver oxygen at a concentration that typically ranges from 24% to 40%, depending on the flow rate. The higher the flow rate, the higher the oxygen concentration, though it’s still not as concentrated as methods like oxygen masks or mechanical ventilation.

When is it used?

• In hospitals or healthcare settings: Nasal cannulas are commonly used for patients with mild to moderate respiratory issues.
• At home: People with chronic respiratory conditions (like COPD or emphysema) or those requiring long-term oxygen therapy might use a nasal cannula at home.
• During procedures or recovery: It may be used in situations like surgery recovery, during which oxygen support is needed temporarily.

Important Notes

• Comfort and mobility: Unlike face masks or other devices, nasal cannulas allow for more comfort and the ability to speak, eat, and move around.
• Oxygen concentration: It's essential to ensure that the oxygen flow rate is adjusted correctly to avoid over or under-oxygenation, which can be harmful.