Antenna Array Calculator

Enter value and click on calculate. Result will be displayed.

Formula:
Array Factor = sin (N x φ/2) / sin(φ/2)

Polar Angle :
(θ)
Wave Length :
(λ)
Difference Phase of two Elements :
(β)
Distance between each two Elements :
Number of Elements in Array :
N
Result:
Array Factor :

An Antenna Array Calculator is a tool used to calculate the performance and characteristics of an antenna array, which is a collection of multiple antennas working together to achieve a desired radiation pattern, increase signal strength, or improve the system’s overall performance. The calculator helps determine parameters like gain, beamwidth, radiation pattern, and side lobes for arrays.

Why use an Antenna Array Calculator?

  • Optimizing array design: When you want to design an array of antennas that can focus signal energy in a particular direction (e.g., for longer-range communication or radar).
  • Improved performance: Antenna arrays can provide higher gain, reduced side lobes, and better overall system performance by using multiple antennas working in unison.
  • Efficiency: The calculator helps evaluate various array configurations to determine which one gives the best performance for your needs, saving time and resources in the design phase.

How does an Antenna Array Calculator work?

  • Basic principles: An antenna array typically involves multiple antennas placed in specific configurations (e.g., linear, circular, or planar) to control the radiation pattern.

  • Key parameters involved:

    • Element spacing: The distance between antennas in the array.
    • Array configuration: Whether the array is linear, circular, or another shape.
    • Number of elements: The number of antennas in the array.
    • Array type: Whether it's a phased array, uniform array, or another type.

  • Calculation steps:

    1. Determine array configuration: Define how many elements and their relative positions.
    2. Calculate main lobe direction: The array’s main lobe is the direction in which it focuses the most energy. The calculator will help you determine where the main lobe points.
    3. Calculate beamwidth: The width of the beam (in degrees) that represents how focused the signal is. Narrower beamwidths mean higher gain.
    4. Determine side lobes: Side lobes are unwanted radiation patterns that appear outside the main lobe, often leading to interference. An optimal array design minimizes side lobes.

  • Formulas: For a simple linear array with isotropic radiators, the gain can be calculated using:

    G = N × G single antenna​

    where:

    • N is the number of elements in the array.
    • G single antenna is the gain of a single antenna in the array.

    For more complex configurations (like phased arrays), you’ll need to factor in the phase differences and other geometry details.

When to use an Antenna Array Calculator?

  • Designing arrays for high-performance communication: When you need to maximize the signal strength in a particular direction or cover a wide area with minimal interference.
  • Radar systems: Antenna arrays are commonly used in radar systems to scan a wide area or to focus on a specific target.
  • Wireless communication: In cellular, Wi-Fi, or satellite communication systems, antenna arrays are often used to enhance signal quality and range.
  • Beamforming applications: For applications where you need to control the directionality of the antenna’s signal, like in phased arrays.