Torque Converter

What is a Torque Converter?

A torque converter is a type of fluid coupling used in automatic transmissions to transfer rotational power from the engine to the transmission. It allows the engine to keep running while the vehicle is stopped and provides smooth acceleration by multiplying torque when needed.

Why Use a Torque Converter?

• Automatic Transmission: Replaces the clutch in automatic vehicles, allowing smooth gear changes.
• Torque Multiplication: Increases torque at low speeds to help with acceleration.
• No Stalling: Allows the engine to idle while the vehicle is stationary.
• Smooth Power Transfer: Reduces shocks during acceleration and deceleration.

How Does a Torque Converter Work?

A torque converter has three main components inside a fluid-filled housing:

1. Pump (Impeller): Connected to the engine, it spins and moves transmission fluid outward.
2. Turbine: Connected to the transmission, it receives fluid from the pump and spins to drive the vehicle.
3. Stator: Redirects returning fluid to improve efficiency and torque multiplication.

Working Process:

• When the engine runs, the impeller moves fluid towards the turbine.
• The turbine spins and transfers power to the transmission.
• At low speeds, the stator helps increase torque for better acceleration.
• At high speeds, the torque converter locks up for direct power transfer.

When is a Torque Converter Used?

• Automatic and CVT Transmissions: Used instead of a manual clutch.
• Heavy Machinery & Industrial Vehicles: Provides smooth power transfer in construction and agricultural equipment.
• Performance & Racing Cars: Modified torque converters improve acceleration.
• Hybrid Vehicles: Some hybrids use torque converters for smooth transitions between electric and gas power.